Antoine Lavoisier Essays - Chemical Elements,

Antoine Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (lah vwah ZYAY) was one of the most popular French researchers and was a significant government official. His speculations of burning, his improvement of an approach to arrange the components also, the principal present day course book of science prompted his being known as the dad of present day science. He added to a great part of the exploration in the field of science. He is cited for saying, Nothing is lost, nothing is made, everything is changed. Lavoisier was conceived in Paris, France on Aug. 26, 1743. At the point when he was eleven years of age he went to a school called Mazain. For Lavoisier's most recent two years in school he found a lot of enthusiasm for science. He got magnificent instruction and built up an enthusiasm for all parts of science, particularly science. Abbe Nicolas Louis de Lacaill educated Lavoisier about meteorological perception. On 1763 Lavoisier got his four year certification and on 1764 a licentiate which permitted him to rehearse his calling. In his extra time he contemplated books about science. His first paper was expounded on gypsum, additionally known by hydrated calcium sulfate. He depicted its substance and physical properties. He was chosen for the French Academy of Sciences in 1768. On 1771 he wedded Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze. She made a difference Lavoisier by drawing charts for his logical works and deciphering English documentation for him. In contrast to prior scientists, Lavoisier gave specific consideration to the heaviness of the fixings associated with compound responses and of the items that came about. He deliberately estimated the loads of the reactants and items. He noticed that the heaviness of the air where burning happened diminishes. He found that when the consuming material joined with the air by one way or another what's more, that the air weighed less. Lavoisier found that the heaviness of the items of burning equivalents the heaviness of the responding fixings. This perception got known as the law of protection of mass (or matter). He rehashed a significant number of the investigations of prior scientists yet deciphered the outcomes far in an unexpected way. On 1772 he was concentrating on burning, which he is generally known for in science. Lavoisier introduced a significant journal on change of water into earth vanishing. This carried him to the Oxygen Theory of Combustion. On 1774 Lavoisier did probes calcinations of tin and lead and affirmed the expansion of weight of metals on calcinations from burning of air. By exhibiting the idea of burning, he refuted the phlogiston hypothesis. The phlogiston hypothesis expressed that every single combustible material contained a substance called phlogiston. As indicated by this hypothesis, materials radiated phlogiston as they consumed. Air was fundamental for ignition since it ingested the phlogiston that was discharged. This was idea at an opportunity to be a reality. Lavoisier appeared this hypothesis to be bogus and made oxygen the explanation that things consumed, not phlogiston. Lavoisier consumed reading material that bolstered the hypothesis. He was attempting to make a point that the phlogiston hypothesis was invalid and oxygen is the new answer to ignition. He laid the system for understanding compound responses as blends of components to shape new materials, or items. He finished up that burning outcomes from the fast substance association of a combustible material with a newfound gas, which he named oxygen, recently known as dephilogisticated air. oxygen signifies corrosive maker. Lavoisier and others had discovered that oxygen is a piece of a few acids. Lavoisier inaccurately contemplated that oxygen is expected to make all acids. He created endings of the level of oxygen by including certain closure, for example, - ic or - ous. With French cosmologist and mathematician Pierre Simon Laplace, Lavoisier directed tests on the breath in creatures. Their investigations indicated a closeness between conventional compound responses and the procedures that occur in living beings. These examinations were the reason for the science presently known as natural chemistry. Lavoisier likewise assisted with building up a framework for naming concoction substances dependent on their piece. This framework is still being used. He made the absolute first present day science text named Trait? el?mentaire de chimie (Elements of Chemistry). Many think of it as the main course reading on present day science. Here for the first run through the components are spread out methodicallly. His rundown included numerous mixes, which were believed to be components at that point. Lavoisier worked out responses in substance conditions that regard the preservation of mass. As a government official, Lavoisier was fruitful in making farming change, filling in as a duty assortment official, and administering the legislature's assembling of explosive. On 1775 he was made official of black powder. He was solicited to improve the quality from Antoine Lavoisier Essays - Chemical Elements, Antoine Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (lah vwah ZYAY) was one of the most popular French researchers and was a significant government official. His speculations of ignition, his improvement of an approach to order the components also, the primary present day course reading of science prompted his being known as the dad of present day science. He added to a great part of the examination in the field of science. He is cited for saying, Nothing is lost, nothing is made, everything is changed. Lavoisier was conceived in Paris, France on Aug. 26, 1743. At the point when he was eleven years of age he went to a school called Mazain. For Lavoisier's most recent two years in school he found a lot of enthusiasm for science. He got brilliant training and built up an enthusiasm for all parts of science, particularly science. Abbe Nicolas Louis de Lacaill instructed Lavoisier about meteorological perception. On 1763 Lavoisier got his four year certification and on 1764 a licentiate which permitted him to rehearse his calling. In his extra time he contemplated books about science. His first paper was expounded on gypsum, additionally known by hydrated calcium sulfate. He depicted its concoction and physical properties. He was chosen for the French Academy of Sciences in 1768. On 1771 he wedded Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze. She made a difference Lavoisier by drawing graphs for his logical works and interpreting English documentation for him. In contrast to prior scientific experts, Lavoisier gave specific consideration to the heaviness of the fixings associated with synthetic responses and of the items that came about. He deliberately estimated the loads of the reactants and items. He noticed that the heaviness of the air wherein ignition happened diminishes. He found that when the consuming material joined with the air by one way or another furthermore, that the air weighed less. Lavoisier found that the heaviness of the items of burning equivalents the heaviness of the responding fixings. This perception got known as the law of protection of mass (or matter). He rehashed a considerable lot of the tests of prior scientists however deciphered the outcomes far in an unexpected way. On 1772 he was concentrating on burning, which he is generally known for in science. Lavoisier introduced a significant diary on transformation of water into earth dissipation. This carried him to the Oxygen Theory of Combustion. On 1774 Lavoisier completed trials on calcinations of tin and lead and affirmed the expansion of weight of metals on calcinations from burning of air. By showing the idea of burning, he refuted the phlogiston hypothesis. The phlogiston hypothesis expressed that every combustible material contained a substance called phlogiston. As per this hypothesis, materials radiated phlogiston as they consumed. Air was essential for ignition since it assimilated the phlogiston that was discharged. This was idea at an opportunity to be a reality. Lavoisier appeared this hypothesis to be bogus and made oxygen the explanation that things consumed, not phlogiston. Lavoisier consumed course readings that bolstered the hypothesis. He was attempting to make a point that the phlogiston hypothesis was invalid and oxygen is the new answer to ignition. He laid the structure for understanding substance responses as mixes of components to shape new materials, or items. He finished up that ignition results from the fast synthetic association of a combustible material with a newfound gas, which he named oxygen, recently known as dephilogisticated air. oxygen signifies corrosive maker. Lavoisier and others had discovered that oxygen is a piece of a few acids. Lavoisier erroneously contemplated that oxygen is expected to make all acids. He created endings of the level of oxygen by including certain closure, for example, - ic or - ous. With French cosmologist and mathematician Pierre Simon Laplace, Lavoisier directed trials on the breath in creatures. Their investigations demonstrated a comparability between conventional compound responses and the procedures that occur in living life forms. These examinations were the reason for the science presently known as organic chemistry. Lavoisier additionally assisted with building up a framework for naming synthetic substances dependent on their creation. This framework is still being used. He made the absolute first current science text named Trait? el?mentaire de chimie (Elements of Chemistry). Many think of it as the primary reading material on present day science. Here for the first run through the components are spread out efficiently. His rundown included numerous mixes, which were believed to be components at that point. Lavoisier worked out responses in synthetic conditions that regard the protection of mass. As a government official, Lavoisier was effective in making horticultural change, filling in as an expense assortment official, and directing the administration's production of black powder. On 1775 he was made chief of explosive. He was solicited to improve the quality from

Diuretics Used in Sport free essay sample

Diuretics weaken pee which can regularly help breeze through medications assessments. It is significant that medications, for example, diuretics are recognized and overseen in sports execution. This is particularly evident at tip top levels as competitors have an unjustifiable bit of leeway when ingesting medications to improve achievement. The utilization of research questions can help the comprehension of medications, for example, diuretics being utilized in sport. For look into inquiries to be gainful they must be the entirety of the accompanying: Specific, quantifiable, attainable and practical. The following are 4 explicit research addresses based around diuretics being utilized at first class levels in sport. By distinguishing research questions, comprehension of the issue is expanded: 1. What exactly degree would diuretics be able to be utilized to improve an athlete’s execution? The utilization of this examination question will permit the comprehension of the physiological impact diuretics have on the body of a competitor. Article: Drugs in sport: Diuretics and concealing operators. Mottram. 2. What is the connection between diuretic utilization and the covering of execution upgrading drugs? Addressing this exploration question will permit the comprehension on how diuretics can be utilized as a veiling specialist for other execution upgrading drugs. Article: Exercise and sports sustenance: Principles, Promises, science and proposals. Krieder et al. 3. What might be the general impacts on sport if the restriction on diuretics and the medications they cover was lifted? By responding to this exploration question, the morals behind game and reasonable play can be comprehended. Article: Anti-doping strategies: New bearings, Waddington and Smith. 4. What impacts does the drawn out utilization of diuretics have on parchedness? Addressing this exploration question will help the comprehension of the impacts of changing the regular equalization of liquids in the body and how they can influence the liver causing lack of hydration. Article: Performance upgrading drugs in game and exercise, Bahrke and Yesalis 5. What impact doe duretics have on cell structure The inquiry being utilized for the rest of this paper is: What might be the general consequences for sport if the restriction on diuretics and the medications they cover was lifted? This inquiry can be utilized to comprehend the issues around the utilization of diuretics in sport. By utilizing this examination question Academic orders which give theorectical supporting to the exploration This inquiry can help the comprehension of the mental consequences for utilizing diuretics. Permitting the utilization of diuretics in game would influence competitors mentally by causing them to feel unrivaled and certain about their exhibition. Be that as it may if execution upgrading drugs were sanctioned in sport, competitors would have unjustifiable preferences. Diuretics are generally utilized in sports which have weight classes, for example, enclosing and lifting weights request to gather information from the exploration question, it must be operationalised. Configuration Sample Instrumental Data investigation One issue with legitimacy, one with unwavering quality and one with morals Validity To answer this I took a gander at what legitimacy is in inquire about terms. Fundamentally legitimacy is whether the exploration is truly estimating what it professes to gauge and as unbiasedly as it says it seems to be. Is the specialist truly hoping to demonstrate a point or refute a point and in doing so have they utilized a) Valid research inquiries to quantify the necessary data and b) Is the exploration truly estimating what is says it is estimating It isn't hard to see that in the event that the response to the above inquiries are both â€Å"no†, at that point the examination must be supposed to be invalid Reliability Dependability takes a gander at whether the examination can be solid in as much as would it be able to be applied to a more extensive gathering with certainty that the equivalent or comparative outcomes will follow subsequently making the exploration dependable. Obviously dependability has an immediate connection at that point to test sizes and test legitimacy and the range of the example, for instance if a bit of organization examine just inspected 50 of its clients from 20,000 clients every one of whom had finished a fulfillment study and returned it with positive outcome before, could this be supposed to be a solid as it has unmistakably taken a moderately little example and deceptively utilized past known positives? It tends to be seen that the information catch procedure or research techniques bigly affect dependability. Morals Again I tried to respond to this inquiry by taking a gander at what morals was in both ordinary regular circumstances and in examine terms. In the two cases it gives off an impression of being about ethics and good and bad. The discussion in inquire about terms is by all accounts a huge one, anyway I ran over this announcement â€Å"†¦.. our supposition that will be that scholarly opportunity doesn't present an option to do look into Anthropology Matters Journal 2010, Vol 12 (1) http://eprints. oas. air conditioning. uk/10352/1/The_problem_of_ethics_in_contemporary_anthropological_research. pdf From this and further perusing I think the single most concerning issue with look into morals is changed individuals have distinctive moral worth bases and accept various things are good and bad. It is clear anyway that in the event that the moral premise of the examination can be effectively assaulted, at that point it legitimacy and unwavering quality must both come into question. It is additionally certain that various divisions of society may take various perspectives from alternate points of view I. e. a budgetary institutuion may take an unexpected view in comparison to a congregation. References: ALPHABETICAL ORDER Waddingoton, I. Smith, A. (2009) Addicted to winning? A prologue to drugs in sport. Richard B. Kreider, Brian C. Leutholtz, Frank I. Katch, Victor L. Katch 2009 Michael S. Bahrke, Charles Yesalis 2002 †David. R Mottram 2011 fifth editition

An Evening With Pizza, Constipation and Hell-Sucked Villains

An Evening With Pizza, Constipation and Hell-Sucked Villains I’m fast asleep, probably snoring lightly and elegantly. My body’s shut down. Why, you ask? Why, you really ask? Why not? I’ve just had all my rights violated by the Massassassachisetts Institvte of Technology and the Arts, passing through a 3-midterm, 1-pset, 1-mini-paper week. It’s finally the weekendâ€"a four-day weekend at thatâ€"but MIT has another thing coming if it thinks giving me four days off will be sufficient bribe to calm my fiery sense of injustice. So I’m probably just having some meandering, semi-psychopathic dream that will no doubt trudge its way into the dreary stew of words I’ll call a story when my alarm goes off. The stupid thing begins blaring and blaring and oh please shut up! Anyway, I manage to rise and after mumbling a couple of sleepy words no doubt filled with infinite wisdom, I realize that it’s nearly five p.m. I mumble an expletive I can’t use on this blog, because cats read it or something and they lose a life for each such word. I’m supposed to meet up with my advisor. It’s Saturday, and he has a nice outing planned. It’s one of those things where MIT tries to compensate for beating the crap out of everyone by offering nice dinners, and I was actually looking forward to eating something that couldn’t crawl out of my plate or didn’t seem to be having heart palpitations (yes, this is a not-even-slightly-veiled reference to the varied assortments of muck and dredge Maseeh Dining serves). Cue to me walking down Mass Ave, where Boston’s accursed weather is actually kind of nice for once. Maybe too nice. I’m suspicious, but I can wear a T-Shirt and that’s fine. I’m supposed to meet up my advisor, Saif Rayyan, in his car, with his wife and some of my classmates from Concourse. After a few minutes of texting and jaywalking and all manner of things that form the basis of Youtube ads, I finally lumber past the lumbering Stata Center (and can we please just talk about Stata! It’s like concrete someone chewed, swallowed and regurgitated. What gives?!). And there he is! I tumble into the backseat of his car, where my friend and classmate Ava waves ever so nicely at me. You rock, Ava. Saif’s wife is in the front seat beside him. Next comes the question of where to eat. My brain is still mostly fried from sleep so I suggest somewhere in MIT. We also debate other places, like Legal Seafood, which is just a fancy place you willingly let steal your money. But when my advisor calls, we find that it’s been fully booked, and that the restaurant is unable to steal from us at this time. Thus, we head to Woody’s instead, a nice, picturesque (yes, that is a pretentious word, stop judging me!) restaurant a walk away from the Boston University Theatre, where my advisor has bought play tickets for us. But to get to Woody’s, we have to go through All That Is Wrong With Earth And Life that is the Boston traffic. This at least allows for decent chatter, where we talk about exams and home and the meaning of life. In Woody’s, we need to decide what to eat. After much deliberation, we settle on the sole hallmark and signifier of America’s achievementsâ€"the Pizza. We add all sorts of things to itâ€"mushrooms and onions and pineapples and a few things that should be made mandatory at every meal. I show initial concern about how much to get, but my advisor does his marvelous job and advises me to let MIT have it! It’s on them after all. And so I descend into a travesty of near-gluttonous abandon, ordering all the things. This evening, crimes against the stomach are at an all time high, starring such villains asâ€" ***3 20 oz. glasses of orange juice ***six or seven or nine slices of pizza; after a while, you lose track and the world around you just glows with the pepperoni hue of pizza-induced hallucinations ***crème brulee! Because why not? Though it came riddled with a bunch of fruits I could have done without. And before your glaring eyes furl up in mortified consternation and all such politically correct reactions, you should realize that I spent the past several hours, from before eating to the previous evening mostly sleeping, and had pretty much eaten nothing since then. That said, by the time I was done, my stomach had swelled to epic proportions, and I sat there feeling like I’d eaten a couple of Santa Clauses. Hee. But mostly eww. But mostly hee. Wut? Anyway, with everyone else done eating as well, we rise as one and head to the Boston University Theatre. The weather is still nice, and nope, I’m still not buying it. Something’s up. At the Theatre, we meet one more Concourse student, and Saif’s wife retreats somewhere backstage. She’s a classical pianist and will be one of many contributing to the opera’s beautiful music. The opera by the way is titled Don Giovanni, and after the execrable atrocity that was Paranormal Activity (how did that drivel get so many sequels), I’m confident that this will be much better. I struggle through a bunch of people all standing around and talking, and walk into the dimly lit theater where I take my seat. My advisor is two seats away and he seems happy. I remember some stories his wife told us of him falling asleep in some of the past operas and giggle. Hee. Soon enough, the curtains rise and we begin with a dramatic flashing of lights, red and blue and orange against a heavy musical backdrop of swelling piano notes and grand trumpeting. Pretty quickly into the opera, there’s a murder. Some random old dude is stabbed. He sings and moans and sings as fake blood squirts out, and I know I’m gonna enjoy this. It’s a three-hour opera though, three hours, and I’ll be honest. I had a few issues with the pacing of the story, but the songs were really enjoyable, the actors extremely talented and a lot of lines pretty funny. Don Giovanni is one heck of a Lady Magnet, maybe too much, and that’s pretty adorable. When he’s not, you know, running from girl to girl or proposing to a woman with her fiancé just barely out of earshot. He’s a jerk, and that’s the point. A funny, lovable jerk in his own right, but a jerk nonetheless. And you can tell something’s gonna happen, retribution-wise. He’ll get beaten to death or stomped on or stabbed or shot orâ€"are you kidding me? That’s how you decide to do it? Large sounds and flames and him falling backwards and a crack of hell and well, okay, this was a fun show so I’ll accept. After a pretty enjoyable time, the opera is over, and the curtain falls. We get to clap hard for all the actors and actresses, and I see something pretty interesting. I see Saif, my physics teacher and advisor, cheer for the actors, which is fine, but he’s really cheering, with great energy and stuff, along the lines of: “Wuuuuuuuu! Yeaaah! Wuuuu! Wuuu! Wuu! Wuuuuuuu! Wuuuuuuuuuuuuu! WUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!” It’s really nice to see and I’m having laughing fits all over the place, as we leave the Theatre and stumble out intoâ€" The outside! And aha! I knew there was something most foul (I just watched an opera! I get to say things like “most foul”) about the weather’s niceness. It was a trap. Now, it’s pretty cold and I’m shivering like a Course 18 about to see their HASS grade. (P.S. I’ve actually seen a Course 18 see his grade for a HASS class. It would seem they don’t shiver so much as bite their lips all serious-like and mumble a good number of “Hmms”). Saif drives us back to our respective dorms and we bid him adieu. *** So all in all, it was a pretty nice day, and I’m willing to concede that MIT does a nice job of trying to connect students and faculty whenever possible. I hear you all screaming cop-out, but I’m typing this post on the heels of a fugue-like, barely conscious state (psets, programming, enough error messages from Python to scar me for several lifetimes, don’t ask) so I’ll just tell you to deal with it. And after things like the evening with my advisor, the doorway to sappy sentimentality opens up. A bunch of thoughts flash through my head. Exams and psets and friends and complaining. And I realize that yup, I absolutely love this place. See you guys on the other side. Other side of what, you ask? Good question.

Eleemosynary, A Full-Length Play by Lee Blessing

It might be best to begin your approach to this play by learning how to pronounce the title and understanding the meaning of this vocabulary word. In this dramatic work by Lee Blessing, three generations of highly intelligent and freethinking women attempt to reconcile years of family dysfunction. Dorothea was a repressed housewife and mother of three sons and a daughter, Artemis (Artie), whom she favored. She discovered that being an eccentric suited her perfectly and spent a lifetime thrusting her wild ideas and beliefs onto an unappreciative and doubting Artemis. Artemis ran away from Dorothea as soon as she could and kept on the move until she married and had a daughter of her own. She named her Barbara, but Dorothea renamed the child Echo and began to teach her everything from Ancient Greek to calculus. What Echo loves most is words and spelling. The title of the show comes from the winning word that Echo spelled correctly at the National Spelling Bee. The play jumps backward and forward in time. As one character relives a memory, the other two play themselves as they were during that time. In one memory, Echo portrays herself as a three-month-old. At the beginning of the play, Dorothea has suffered a stroke and is bedridden and catatonic for several scenes. Throughout the play, however, she takes part in her memories and then transitions back to the present, trapped in her minimally responsive body. The director and actors in Eleemosynary have the challenge of making these memory scenes feel authentic with smooth transitions and blocking. Production Details The production notes for Eleemosynary are specific regarding set and props. The stage needs to be filled with an abundance of books (signifying the sheer brilliance of these women), a pair of homemade wings, and perhaps a real pair of scissors. The rest of the props may be mimed or suggested. Furniture and sets should be as minimal as possible. The notes suggest only a few chairs, platforms, and stools. Lighting should consist of   â€Å"ever shifting areas of light and darkness.† The minimal set and the stress on lighting serve to assist the characters in moving between memories and the present time, allowing focus to be on their stories. Setting: Various rooms and locales Time: Now and then Cast size: This play can accommodate 3 female actors. Roles Dorothea is a self-acknowledged eccentric. She uses her eccentricity as a means to escape the judgment and pressures of a life she didn’t choose. Her desire was to influence her daughter to embrace her way of life, but when her daughter runs from her, she refocuses her attention on her granddaughter. Artemis has a perfect memory. She can remember anything and everything with total accuracy. She has two desires in life. The first is to research and find out everything she possibly can about this world. The second is to be as far away from her mother (in both body and spirit) as possible. She believes in her heart that she failed Echo and that failure can never be undone, just as she can never forget a single detail of her life. Echo has a mind to equal both her mother’s and grandmother’s. She is fiercely competitive. She loves her grandmother and wants to love her mother. By the end of the play, she is determined to use her competitive nature to mend her relationship with her elusive mother. She will no longer accept Artemis’s excuses for failing to be a mother to her. Content issues: Abortion, abandonment Resources You can watch a director and some actors discuss and rehearse the play.The  Dramatist Play Service holds the production rights for Eleemosynary.

Essay on Burger King Organizational Change - 859 Words

Burger King’s strategy is to dominate globally – goal- in the fast food market –scope - by having low cost and premium food items and efficiently producing them -competitive advantage (Mitchell). They believed that low prices would create a higher demand for their product - logic. Before they decided to restructure Burger King was structured traditionally with a full executive team, cubicles and daily cross-functional meetings. The company decided to change the architecture of their firm and use that to alter their company culture. They combined their global brand marketing department and their operations department. They believed that this would lead to â€Å"faster decision-making, increases regional accountability, and† would ensure†¦show more content†¦This being said, Burger King’s restructuring followed both theories of change – Theory O and Theory E. Theory O was more prevalent and a larger objective for Burger King, as the ke y goal was to develop organization capabilities and culture, which would ideally produce sustained high performance. One way they tried to accomplish this was by changing the desk layout, to make it simple and informal, with no dividers or ‘special’ offices. While Theory O was the key objective for Burger King, it cannot be ignored that they also used the Theory E approach, which is based more on results-driven actions and economic value. Burger King assumed this theory with their layoffs of several hundred employees. An issue Burger King faced was that there was a misfit between their competitive strategy and their architecture and culture. To correct this they fired 413 employees, Jose Tomas, head of human resources and communication, said, â€Å"‘the cuts were needed to boost Burger King’s performance.† â€Å"We want to drive efficiencies’† (McClatchy). They stopped trying to be edgy in their advertisements as it had not brought in new customers, and it did not suite a fast-food restaurant and had their TV commercials â€Å"focus single-mindedly on sights and sounds of the burger’s ingredients being washed and diced†, a marketing campaign more aligned with their strategy (Babej). They also decided to change the brightShow MoreRelatedI Have Chosen The Burger King Corporation.The Burger King1581 Words   |  7 PagesI have chosen the Burger King Corporation. The Burger King corporation main focus is on the customers they serve and the strategies t hey use to continue the growth and development of their company. Burger King uses the integrated cost leadership/Differentiation business strategy. Strategies in business are instrumental for the continued growth and expansion of a company. A strategy is a set of analytic techniques that are used to influence the direction of the firm s growth in the marketplaceRead MoreSample Resume : Small Business Management Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesquality products, like as burgers, fries, drinks, muffins, etc, which are safe and reliable, but not only does the quality of the products matter, the good value for money affects the business. Vision McDonald s vision is to be the world s best quick service restaurant experience and providing them outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. †¢ Burger King In 1954 David Edgerton opens Insta Burger King in Miami, selling fire-grilledRead MoreMcdonald s, Burger King And Wendy s I Started1302 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual Assignment #1 Comparing McDonald’s, Burger King and Wendy’s I started to see some interesting aspects to their marketing strategies. 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Yang (2012), Talks about all the hugely complex mathematical equations that now go into various parts decision making in Burger King and McDonald’s. Although the equations are to complex to understand to the average person itRead MoreCsr Mcdonalds1534 Words   |  7 Pagesbring up Burger King’s CSR policy which says that â€Å"Directors, as well as officers and employees, are expected to act ethically at all times and to adhere to the Companys Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We share the concerns of our neighbours and employees about the future of our planet and the need to protect and conserve precious resources. Each of us is responsible for ensuring that our Company conducts its business with honesty, integrity and the highest ethical standards.† (Burger King Website)

Wayson Choy; the Jade Peony Free Essays

Chinese immigrants in Canada were treated poorly during the depression. Life was hard, but acceptance and the family’s bond kept spirits high and helped them pull through the tough times. In The Jade Peony, the writer, Wayson Choy, tells three children’s perspectives of their family of Chinese immigrants dealing with death and acceptance during the depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Wayson Choy; the Jade Peony or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone should read the Jade Peony because it develops important themes throughout the novel using the symbols and settings. The theme of thing’s not always being what they seem is portrayed through the symbol of Gold Mountain and the setting and conditions of the depression.Talk in China caused the immigrants to believe that Gold Mountain would make them rich. Families piled on boats to come to Canada in hope for a better life for their children. The would soon discover they had immigrated to over work and be under payed. The reputation of Gold Mountain was nothing more than a fantasy. Canada was talked about in China as the place for a better life. When Chinese immigrants came to Canada they would find themselves affected by discrimination and the depression. Children however were unaware of this.Parents would put up a front and act as if life is going as it should to save their children from the harsh reality. Times were tough, and parents struggled to find jobs to provide for their family. The kids were protected from the truth so they could enjoy life worry free from adult issues. Children’s lack of knowledge, Canada and Gold Mountain are relations to the theme. Poh Poh has a good grasp on the theme of accepting fate. She shows an understanding of the theme throughout the novel. When the white cat with red eyes shows up at the window Poh Poh knows its her time to pass.She claims it’s the Juggler (her lost lover) coming to take her to the after life. Throughout the novel Poh Poh continues saying, â€Å"I too old! Die soon! † She knows her time is coming and choses not to fight fate and let herself pass with little struggle. Wind chimes in Chinese culture are put at the window of the house where someone has died to help their soul pass onto the after world. Poh Poh begins to gather objects to make her wind chimes. She uses the Jade Peony as the center piece. Poh Poh is preparing for her death, again allowing nature to take its course and let herself die eacefully. The theme of accepting fate relates to most scenes in the novel. The families live in the depression, yet they go about their lives adapting to the situation. They do not fight the conditions they are forced into. They make the best of it and use what they can to pull through the hard times. Wayson Choy has portrayed the theme throughout the novel using Poh Poh and other events. Poh Poh is a strong character who’s attitude reflects her acceptance of the life cycle. All three perspectives give evidence of the importance of family.A direct example of that is Jung Sum. Jung Sum was not born from Liang’s mother or Step Mother. He was adopted into their family after a few years abuse from his biological parents. The characters in the Jade Peony are willing to accept outsiders into their family and treat them like their own. On top of not being blood related, Jung Sum is gay. Poh Poh knows from the start yet still takes a liking to Jung Sum. Early on in the book Poh Poh says, â€Å"Jung Sum is the moon. † The moon represents yin which is female.Poh Poh realizes early on that Jung Sum is feminine and accepts him for it. The boxing ring was where Jung Sum could fight and show how strong he was. He always wanted acceptance from Frank, an older boy of who he had taken a liking to. He tried to be this strong and determined boxer in hope of being accepted by the older boys. He even takes a drink of their beer hoping he can become one of them. He shows his strength in attempt to get accepted by his peers. His family is more than willing to accept him no matter how weak or strong he is.The symbols in the novel help make the importance of family an evident theme. Although the narrators were naive in their perspectives, the Jade Peony shows the life of a Chinese family in Canada during the depression. They are faced with discrimination and conflict which help create a compelling story. The important themes in the story are created using the symbols and settings written about in the Jade Peony. The families struggle in Canada and their ability to stay unified and enforce themes makes the Jade Peony by Wayson Choy a must read for all. How to cite Wayson Choy; the Jade Peony, Papers

Hiv/Aids Essay Example

Hiv/Aids Essay There have been studies on HIV/AIDS, but there is currently no cure for the virus/disease. There is a misconception that AIDS is transmitted, but what people don’t know is that the virus HIV is what is transmitted; leading to the disease AIDS. The risk factors, major health promoting behaviors and symptoms that can alleviate the hardships that come with the virus/disease, can cause stress, frustration and conflict managing the illness. The impact of the medical condition on the mental health and the therapeutic approaches are also discussed. Statistics tell us that 25 million people have died from AIDS since1981. In our world today many viruses and diseases have no cures. One of these diseases is AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. A virus, called Human Immunodeficiency Virus better known as HIV, causes AIDS. HIV is a virus that gradually attacks the immune system. Many people have the misconception that they can get infected with AIDS, but in actuality it is the virus you are infected with first. The virus then progressively gets worse and worse leading to the disease. There are many concerns that come along with the virus such as the risk factors of health, emotional and mental impact. HIV can be transmitted different ways some of the common ways are as follows. It can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Both pre-cum and semen can transmit HIV to their sexual partner. Also, transmission can occur by sharing needles with someone that is infected with the virus. This is common with people that use drugs. Another way is when a person gets a tattoo, and the tattoo artist uses a dirty needle. We will write a custom essay sample on Hiv/Aids specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hiv/Aids specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hiv/Aids specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lastly, it can be passed to a newborn if the mother is infected with the virus. Even if the mother is not infected at the time of birth, and becomes infected afterwards; the baby can still receive the virus through breast milk. An uncommon way of coming in contact with the disease is a blood transfusion. It can happen, though there is a low percentage that the blood transferred to you can have HIV in it. There are other ways of getting infected, but they are not as common as what is listed previously. Having this virus in your body can put a person at very high risk for any type of infection. This virus attacks your immune system. What our immune system does in our body is fight bacteria and unwanted waste. For example, a person without the virus a common cold can be taken care of simply by just taking tylenol or any over the counter drug. However, when you are infected with this virus it takes much more then just an over the counter drug and the common cold could lead to death; because your immune system is not functioning properly any type of bacteria or germ that you come in contact with can be extremely dangerous. Although there is no cure for the virus/disease there are ways you can ease the symptoms. Specifically, there are eight ways to alleviate the symptoms of the virus/disease they are as follows. The most common one is medication. Medication can only do so much for a person you must apply other factors to fight the virus/disease. To enhance the effectiveness of the medication; health advisors suggest to learn how to comfort yourself when feeling depressed or sad. One way of doing this is involving yourself in daily activities and events. Eating habits should be adjusted by eating at least 5 to 6 times per day, eat high calorie and high protein foods such as dairy products, nuts, peanut butter and dried fruits. Some HIV patients experience extreme loss of weight they can drink meal replacement drinks such as ensure, boost, nutren and resource. There are two major types of exercise that can help people living with HIV, which are resistance and aerobic. Resistance exercise is weight training that can add density and bulk to the muscles in your body. Aerobic can also be called cardiovascular, is training that involves exercises that increase your heart rate. These include walking, running, swimming or bicycling. Aerobic activity is not only great for the immune system, but it also decreases your risk for developing heart disease and helps with weight management. Exercise can increase the muscle mass of the human body, which boosts the amount of energy the patient can have. The more energy the patient has can enhance the immune system. Also some medications can increase the amount of fat in your blood, but exercise can help protect you against the associated risk of heart disease. Illness is a major life event that can cause people to question themselves, their purpose, and their meaning in life. It disrupts their careers, their family life, and their ability to enjoy themselves; three aspects of life that Freud said were essential to a healthy mind. Spiritual care is recognized as a factor that contributes to health in many persons. It is expressed in an individual’s search for ultimate meaning through participation in religion and/or belief in God, family, naturalism, rationalism, humanism, and the arts. When a patient is diagnosis HIV positive, it can put a stress on the person as well as family and friends involved. Ways of coping with stress can be exercise, therapy and expressing your feelings. A person can experience anger or frustration because of the virus, feeling as if there is no point to living. Some people may deny the fact that they have HIV/AIDS this comes from not being able to handle it emotionally. These emotional problems can all be managed by seeing a therapist and educating yourself about the virus/disease. Depression can also be linked to HIV/AIDS. A person can become depressed in the beginning stages of dealing with the Virus. This can cause thoughts of wanting to die and feeling as if there is no meaning to life. With depression comes anxiety and fear. Anxiety can trigger other health problems, making the adjustment of life more difficult. This can happen when one has lack of knowledge of the virus and what is to come in the future. Society is judgmental towards people that carry the virus, which can make the person feel scared about telling others about their condition. These to things are caused from being diagnosed with HIV. There are various types of therapeutic approaches such as, medications and therapy. There are different types of antiretroviral drugs used in HIV infection. Which include multi-class combination products, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNETIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors –CCR5 co-receptor antagonist, and HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors. The key to effective treatment is early detection and intervention. Some therapies to treat HIV are herbal medicine, acupuncture, body work and massage and mind-body therapies. In conclusion, HIV/AIDS is a very serious virus/disease and should not be taken lightly. There are many mental and physical aspects that come along with the virus as mentioned earlier. If the virus is treated early, detection and intervention can occur allowing the person to live a long life. On the other hand, if the virus is ignored and the correct steps are not taken it can turn into AIDS, which will lead to death. More than 25 million people have died from AIDS since 1981.

Regan and Gonerill Character Profile

Regan and Gonerill Character Profile Regan and Goneril from King Lear are two of the most abhorrent and subversive characters to be found in all of Shakespeare’s work. They are responsible for the most violent and shocking scene ever written by Shakespeare. Regan and Goneril The two elder sisters, Regan and Goneril, may at first inspire a little sympathy from an audience not being ‘favorites’ of their father. They may even garner a little understanding when they fear that Lear may easily treat them in the same way he treated Cordelia (or worse considering that she was his favorite). But soon we discover their true natures – equally devious and cruel. One wonders whether this unrelentingly unpleasant characterization of Regan and Goneril is there to cast a shadow over Lear’s character; to suggest that he in some way has this side to his nature. The audience’s sympathy towards Lear may be more ambiguous if they believe that his daughter’s have partly inherited his nature and are mimicking his past behavior; although this is of course balanced by the portrayal of his ‘favorite’ daughter Cordelia’s good nature. Made in Their Fathers Image? We know that Lear can be vain and vengeful and cruel in the way that he treats Cordelia at the beginning of the play. The audience is asked to consider their feelings towards this man considering that his daughters’ cruelty may be a reflection of his own. An audiences’ response to Lear is therefore more complex and our compassion less forthcoming. In Act 1 Scene 1 Goneril and Regan compete with each other for their father’s attention and assets. Goneril tries to explain that she loves Lear more than her other sisters; â€Å"As much as child e’er loved or father found; A love that makes breath poor and speech unable. Beyond all manner of so much I love you† Regan tries to ‘out do’ her sister; â€Å"In my true heart I find she names my very deed of love – Only she comes too short†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The sisters are not even loyal to one another as they constantly vie for precedence with their father and later for Edmund’s affections. Un-Feminine Actions The sisters are very masculine in their actions and ambitions, subverting all accepted notions of femininity. This would have been particularly shocking for a Jacobean audience. Goneril denies her husband Albany’s authority insisting that â€Å"the laws are mine, not thine† (Act 5 Scene 3). Goneril hatches a plan to oust her father from his seat of power by undermining him and ordering the servants to ignore his requests (emasculating her father in the process). The sisters pursue Edmund in a predatory way and both take part in some of the most horrific violence to be found in Shakespeare’s plays. Regan runs a servant through in Act 3 Scene 7 which would have been men’s work. The character’s unsympathetic treatment of their father is also unfeminine as they turf him out in to the countryside to fend for himself having previously acknowledged his infirmity and age; â€Å"the unruly waywardness that infirm and choleric years bring with him† (Goneril Act 1 Scene 1) A woman would be expected to care for their ageing relatives. Even Albany, Goneril’s husband becomes shocked and disgusted with his wife’s behavior and distances himself from her. Both sisters participate in the most horrific scene of the play – the blinding of Gloucester. Goneril suggests the means of torture; â€Å"Pluck out his†¦ eyes!† (Act 3 Scene 7) Regan goads Gloucester and when his eye has been plucked out she says to her husband; â€Å"One side will mock another; th’other too† (Act 3 Scene 7). The sisters share the ambitious traits of Lady Macbeth but go further by participating and reveling in the violence that ensues. The murderous sisters embody a frightening and unwavering inhumanity as they kill and maim in the pursuit of self gratification. Eventually the sisters turn on each other; Goneril poisons Regan and then kills herself. The sisters have orchestrated their own downfall. However, the sisters appear to get away quite lightly; with regard to what they have done – in comparison to Lear’s fate and his initial ‘crime’ and Gloucester’s demise and previous actions. It could be argued that the harshest judgment is that no one laments their deaths.

Why to Ask a Professional Resume Writer to Dish up Your Personality

Why to Ask a Professional Resume Writer to Dish up Your Personality Why to Ask a Professional Resume Writer to Dish up Your Personality When you want to find a job, you need to be able to showcase all the skills that prove your erudition. This means that you have to provide the employer with a great resume. However, resume writing can be a bit tricky, especially, if you do not have much experience with it. You have to highlight all your skills that make you a qualified applicant, without being tedious. It is quite a difficult issue, but there is nothing impossible. Luckily, there is a solution – you can hire a professional resume writer to help you out. There are some benefits that you are going to gain, while working with a professional writer. Proper Structure While there are several guides on how to structure your resume, coping with it on your own can be quite hard. Resume requirements change every few years or so, meaning that you may not meet all of them if you do not have the recently published guideline. But, by working with the expert, you can bypass this problem. Professional CV writers surely obtain up-to-date formatting and structural requirements. Additionally, these people have so much experience with resumes that it will take them little time to complete the masterpiece. As we see, asking for the writer’s help is really convenient and saves you a lot of time. Key Information When most people try to write their own resumes, they struggle to figure out which information should be included and which should be omitted. Many people pad their resumes with too many irrelevant details. The professional writer will not make these mistakes. He/she will ask you several questions to find out everything that should be covered in the resume. In a while, they craft an effective resume that showcases all your best and most important qualities. No Mistakes Did you know that a resume, containing even a few tiny grammatical errors and spelling mistakes can prevent you from getting a job? Employers look for any faults and often disqualify candidates if there are the run-on sentences, or if the punctuation is poor. If you hire a professional writer for your resume, you can be sure that he/she will proofread the document multiple times, until he/she is sure that it is completely correct. By the time the writer submits the final version to you, your resume will be well polished and perfectly written. Therefore, when it comes to job hunting, there is no time for self-activity. The marketplace is highly competitive and employers are very discerning while reviewing candidates. Thus, you have to be as reinsured as possible in order not to get a dozen of ‘we will call you’. Because of this, it makes sense to hire a professional resume writer. In this case, you are not uptight that your resume is not good enough to get a prestige job. Remember that it is always a good idea to save some money and to tackle the paper on your own, but, if we are talking about the document that is going to push your career path, it’s not the item to risk.

Marketing Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Marketing Planning - Essay Example 1.1 Product Introduction Mount Franklin is pure spring water without adding any flavour into the water, which is taken from beneath the ground, travelling through layers of the rock of three natural sources in Australia. In addition to competing with bottled water, Mount Franklin also competes with other non-alcoholic beverages. Despite the presence of competition and substitute products, the market remains attractive due to strong growth in demand, barrier to entry, lack of bargaining power of suppliers, favorable customers’ preference of bottled water over other types of beverages and CCA’s competitive advantage in distribution (Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd., 2003). The objectives of this marketing plan is to improve the market position of Mount Franklin by growing the demand for bottled water and improving Mount Franklin’s image over its competitors. However, there are issues which need to be addressed e.g. cannibalisation of other products produced by CCA and negativ e publicity from overseas. To achieve the stated objective, both offensive and defensive strategies will be discussed. Offensive strategies will be used to grow market share, customer purchase and market demand while defensive strategies will be used to protect current market position. 2. ... These beverages are bottled in plastic, glass or else canned in aluminium for sale to wholesalers and retailers. Mount Franklin spring water is available in many stores such as convenience stores, food court, take away outlets, supermarkets and vending machines. The major players involved in this industry are Coca-Cola Amatil Limited (CCA), Cadbury Schweppes Australia Limited, Berri Limited and Golden Circle Limited (CCA, 2004). In Australia, soft drink industry is a large industry with over $3 billion annual turnover and employs a substantial number of workers as shown in table 1. The major group of consumers who drink the bottled water are young people, singles, and couples especially female aged between 14 to 35 years (Australasian Bottled Water Institute, 2004 a ). In bottled water category, the CCA share has increased from 15% to 35% in the previous 18 months. Per capita consumption of its brands, ‘Mount Franklin’, the market leader, ‘pump’ and ‘N everfail’ has been growing (Australasian Bottled Water Institute, 2004 a ). 2.2 External: Market Analyses Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Rivalry among existing firms The industry could be considered as oligopoly. There are five major companies which account for more than 80% of the market share. Each of the major companies holds more than 1% of the market share and seeks to improve the share position. In addition, there are numerous companies which are local and international companies that compete in this industry. Thus, there is intense rivalry within the industry. Barrier to entry Although there is no regulation that prevents a company from entering soft drink industry, barrier to entry remains significant. Brand awareness is crucial

American football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

American football - Essay Example The game evolved as new of rules were set including the introduction of the snap, the downs concept, the neutral zone and legalization of the forward pass. The introduction of the snap caused the unexpected development of the â€Å"block game† where a team would keep hold on the ball indefinitely to keep the other team from scoring. To prevent this practice from becoming the norm, a rule change was necessary. There was the introduction of three downs or tackles to advance the ball five yards or forfeiture of ball control to the other team. The rule probably stopped the game from becoming boring and fading into the confines of other less popular sports. Rules were also developed to specify field size and a scoring system to be used by teams during play. It clear from the evolution and revision of the rules and guidelines of the game that American foot was growing to be a popular sport among many people. Professional football was first recorded when William heffelfinger was paid 500 Dollars to play a game in 1892. After that, it became apparent that there needed to be rules to govern how people handled this aspect. Fortunately, there was the rise of the NFL that has reigned over the game for a long time. Despite its disadvantages, professional play may have improved the standard of the game by making sure that only the best players compete professionally. In a team, there are three major backfield positions, namely the quarterback, the halfback and the fullback. The quarterback leads the offense and calls the plays. He usually takes the snap and may hand off the ball, throw it or run with it. Consequently, quarterbacks have sometimes been seen as the most important players in the team. The halfback or tailback usually carries the ball during running plays. He may also be a receiver. A fullback primarily acts as a blocker but may sometimes act as a runner the for short distance situations. The center leads the

Coal Industry: Ethical Analysis

Coal Industry: Ethical Analysis The energy industry is more relevant today than ever before. As modern technology thrives, so does energy. It has become a necessity used in many areas of life such as agriculture, transportation, waste collection, information technology and communications. All of which are critical components for most functional societies. The industry is made up of many different entities, which include the petroleum industry, gas industry, electrical power industry, coal industry, nuclear power industry, renewable energy industry, and the traditional energy industry. The oil and gas industry account for most of the market, supplying 60% of total demand. Then there is the coal industry coming in second, accounting for 20% of the industries market share. These industries face continuous debate regarding their production and sales, especially here in the United States. The United States is one of the worlds biggest consumers of energy and the energy industry is the third largest industry within our c ountry (U.S Energy Industry). This has generated a lot of publicity for the industry, due to the increased use and demand for energy as a whole. And since there is more and more emphasis placed on the environment, the media has highlighted the negative aspects that surround the business. In this section we are going to take a closer look at the coal industry, investigating some of the ethical issues facing coal. Ethical Issues Facing Coal Industry Throughout history coal has been a very abundant and essential resource, especially for us in the United States. We most commonly use it for producing our electricity and heat. Today coal generates more than half of our electricity, with there being nearly 600 coal-fueled power plants nationwide. The industry also creates over 550,000 jobs in our country (Take Action). So we should not neglect the fact that coal is a major contributor to our society and almost everyone benefits from its use. But unlike most other industries, coal faces a multitude of ethical issues. These issues can be broken down into three categories, environmental, social, and ethical (sustainability). Coal creates a lot of problems for the environment. The main one has to do with air pollution (carbon emissions). When burned coal emits high levels of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming. It also emits other pollutants to the air when burned which include mercury, selenium, and arsenic. As far as waste management goes, coal creates a lot of solid waste product such as fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge. This waste contains mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other metals that are all harmful for the environment. Coal also pollutes the water. This occurs mostly during the various extraction processes. The process that gets the most exposure, especially around the Appalachian region, is a form of surface mining called mountaintop removal. This process involves extracting entire coal seams from a mountain, hill, or ridge by removing the land or overburden above the seam (which pollutes the water and dep letes woodland resources). These are just a few examples of the negative environmental impacts of coal (Environmental Impacts of Coal). There are also many social challenges facing the coal industry, but we are just going to focus on the negative health effects and employee safety. Coal can cause a lot of health problems. These problems include respiratory issues (bronchitis, asthma attacks, etc.), black lung, congestive heart failure, and some forms of cancer. Mostly people acquire these sicknesses through the extraction, preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport of coal, but the general public can also be affected. Employee safety is another social concern that surrounds the coal industry. This type of industry involves the use of heavy equipment, which creates several safety hazards. Fire, explosion, the release of gas and structural failure are some of the other safety risks associated with coal (Fears). Overall, this is a very dangerous job requiring workers to always be alert and aware of their work environment at all times. Finally lets discuss sustainability. There are recent figures that show the coal industry is in decline. This is the result of new government regulations and rules, which are trying to decrease carbon emissions. This creates long-term problems for the coal industry, because recent trends show that society wants to do anything they can to preserve the environment and find a cleaner energy source. Another reason for the decline is the recent influx of cheap natural gas to the United States (Plumer). All in all, the future looks pretty grim for the coal industry. Pressures Facing Coal Industry Energy companies such as the coal industry have created problems such as pollution, global warming, nuclear wastes, oil spillages, etc. Because these problems affect the environment, the public has started to pay attention. Environmental interest groups and government regulations are responsible for bringing pressure to corporations in the energy industry. Because the results of burning coal can damage the environment, many environmentalists and activist organizations have brought pressure to the industry. Groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, Sierra Club, Environmental Defense Fund, and the Natural Resources Defense Council are some of the more popular environmental activist organizations (Sills). These organizations may pose a threat to the coal industry because they push the use of renewable energy and participate in strikes, protests, complaints to the government, and online video posts to gain public attention against companies in the energy industry that may be a threat to the environment (Tesh). Many of these activist groups have over 1 million members and can potentially create a lot of pressure on the energy industry in the future (Tesh). The environmental group that causes the biggest threat to the coal industry is the Greenpeace group, as they are the largest independent direct-action environmental organization in the world (Greenpeace.org). The primary goals of Greenpeace are to: shut down dirty industries, advocate laws to curb global warming, create a path towards cleaner energy, and publically expose those companies that support the use of dirty energy. Greenpeace has also started an Energy Revolution which includes a blueprint for protecting the environment through investing in renewable energy. Part of the Energy Revolution includes the Quit Coal Campaign which fights to eliminate the use of coal because coal fired power plants are the biggest source of man-made CO2 emissions, making the use of coal energy the greatest threat facing our climate. Over the past couple years, campaigns by the Greenpeace group have resulted in victories of shutting down coal plants around the world (Greenpeace.org). Activist groups against the coal industry can even be found on the Virginia Tech campus. Greenpeace at Virginia Tech and VT Beyond Coal are two major groups on campus that are fighting for a better environment. According to the website of VT Beyond Coal, the campus power plant burns 46,000 tons of coal (VT Beyond Coal). VT Beyond Coal has started a petition that is committed to transitioning VTs coal plant to 100% clean, renewable energy by 2020. This petition to Invent a clean future is part of a movement to bring clean energy to over 60 universities in the United States (VT Beyond Coal). Along with pressures from activist groups, energy and environmental regulations by the United States government are increasing and becoming more complex. According to The Daily Caller magazine of Washington D.C., the Environmental Protection Agency is working with President Obama to tighten regulations on oil, gas, and coal for the next four years (Bastasch). So far, the coal industry has been affected the most by the regulations and has experienced a shutdown of more than 200 coal-fired generators across 25 states. Coal mining companies have also been hurt by these regulations and have seen a loss of 17,000 jobs since May 2012. Also, research from Thomas Pyle, President of the Institute for Energy Research, has determined that energy prices will continue to rise as a result of the environmental policies. Due to the Environmental Protection Agencys oppressive regulations, Pyle also quotes, coal is toast (Bastasch). The pressures from activists groups and the government will push for companies in the coal industry to be more accountable towards societies needs instead of the needs of the shareholders (Tesh). Actions of activists groups may cost companies money and may cause more people to protest against traditional energy sources. Government policies will also be a financial strain to energy companies as they impose fines if regulations are not followed. As a result of these pressures, the coal industry will have to make changes. Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Because there are a number of ethical issues facing the coal industry, companies in this industry have being working at its best to improve the social and environmental impact of their activities. Peabody Energy is known for being the worlds largest private-sector coal company. They are also the global leader for finding alternative clean coal solutions and sustainable mining. It is Peabody Energys mission to be a leading worldwide producer and supplier of sustainable energy solutions that enable economic prosperity and a better quality of life (Peabody).As their corporate responsibility, they have been addressing issues in employee, economic, public, and environmental responsibility. Peabodys Safety Vision is to prevent zero incidents, occupational illnesses, and property damage. Safety improvements remain a priority to Peabody Energy in all of their global coal plants. They have been making efforts to increase a safe workplace environment by using surveys and assessments to gain feedback from its employees. In 2011, Peabody completed the installation of underground communication systems so that miners underground are able to better communicate problems that may arise so that rescue teams are notified to assist workers right away. Peabody has also introduced Safety a Way of Life, which is their training program for employees to transition into the companys safety systems and processes (Peabody). In addition to employee responsibility, Peabody Energy believes in the importance of preserving the environment. The key principle of their mission is to leave the land in a condition equal to or better than we found it (Peabody). In 2011, Peabody restored more than 5,100 acres of mined lands and has been creating rangeland, wildlife habitat, hardwood forests, and wetland. The company encourages regular monitoring so that they meet or exceed compliance standards. Peabody has spent $290 million on just land restoration alone (Peabody). They have also introduced a three year study of global energy and water use to enhance environmental conditions. Peabody is one of the very few coal companies that is advancing in clean coal technologies and pursuing different practices to maximize energy efficiencies so that they can improve the carbon dioxide intensity. Beginning in 2006, Peabody has partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey to undertake methane content in its mines. Peabody has been focusing on their environmental responsibilities as a company through partnerships with other organizations and participating in projects toward zero greenhouse gas emissions, new clean coal technologies, maintaining energy efficiency and emissions intensity, and shaping effective carbon policy . ArchCoal is another coal mining company known for its corporate social responsibility initiatives. Like Peabody Energy, ArchCoal has been focusing on the same responsibilities in safety and environmental conditions. ArchCoals guiding principle is safety. They promote the Perfect Zero principle of zero injuries and zero environmental violations. Like Peabody, ArchCoal has been finding ways to make their working environment safer for its employees. In 2011, they invested $14 million in a two-way communication and tracking systems for mines to prevent accidents underground. Additionally, ArchCoal has been constantly training its employees for preparedness and preventing possible accidents (ArchCoal). ArchCoal is working on various initiatives to reduce air emissions from coal electricity. They have been investing in technology to find ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions. ArchCoal has recently introduced its waste management program where water, oil, and metal are recycled. Coal companies are more active in their corporate social responsibilities that other companies in different industries. Because the industry itself is so dangerous for both employees and the environment, coal companies have been working hard to provide the right environment and resources for employees. Furthermore, because the environment is detrimentally affected by the activities of coal companies, companies are taking more initiative to focus and take responsibility for their actions. Investment Policy Recommendations Virginia Tech needs to take corporate social responsibility and ethical issues of the coal industry into account when determining its investment decisions. Energy from coal is under a lot of scrutiny in the public eye since it is perceived as dirty and old technology. With the future of energy pointing towards clean technology such as solar and wind energy, Virginia Tech needs to be on the forefront. They need to set themselves as a leading academic institution that is moving away from coal and into clean technology. The slogan for the institution is Invent the Future(www.vt.edu), therefore taking the initiative to be ahead of the curve. When investing the schools endowment funds, it is important to take ethical issues into account but at the same time not take a financial loss. The great thing about not investing in coal but other technology is that they are taking ethical issues into account but are also focusing the funds into an area that is growing at an exponential rate and will lead to financial gains rather than losses. As a public institution there is a constant eye on Virginia Techs every move, whether it be policy with students, academic rankings, but most importantly where their endowment decides to invest their money. With that being said, it is acceptable to take a financial loss because you have to take the public views into account. Virginia Tech is closely related to the coal industry, with a coal power plant on campus and being located in SouthWest Virginia where the surrounding areas are heavy in coal, so it is a tough choice to not invest in coal. Therefore there will be both sides arguing over the investment in coal. You will have the local coal areas feeling as though the University is not looking out for them and then you will have the group that is all for clean technology and that has been trying to get the school to find a new source for power. Though, just because we will not be recommending that Virginia Tech invest in coal it doesnt mean that the power plant has to go immediate ly. We are saying that by investing in other technology, they will be putting money into companies that are developing new technology that Virginia Tech can then go and use to harness their own energy for use on campus and in the surrounding areas in the future. As they focus their investments into cleaner energy and choosing ethical reasons over financial technology, the public eye will change and they will see Virginia Tech as a leader in the future. Investment Recommendations When looking back at the state of Virginias long history it is impossible to forget the impact that fossil fuels have had on the region. Fossil fuels and more specifically coal have been some of the biggest employers and revenue generating industry in the state. 2006, the total value of fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about $2.4 billion. Coal accounted for about 72 percent ($1.7 billion) of this total value, while natural gas accounted for about 28 percent ($660.3 million), and oil less than 1 percent ($1.1 million).(Virginia Tech Department of Mines) In recent years the total amount of coal produced in the country has been a little more than one billion tones still a huge number despite the push for new green energy. In Virginia production has been around thirty to forty million tones, mostly in the southwestern coalfields (VEPT). However coal production has decreased in the state to the low 30s consistently. Our group would suggest Virginia Tech to not invest in fossil fuels and specifically coal mining as coal prices have decreased while the costs for obtaining and operating mines have increased. This is due to a number of factors, one of the most important factors is the trend of coal mining moving westward to states like Wyoming where mining is cheaper and easier due to the geological conditions there. One major problem is that almost all coal mines in the Appalachian area are underground mines in contrast to their western counterparts which tend to be surface mines allowing for easier and cheaper extraction. Virginia also has had a long history of coal mining which has led to the depletion of easily obtainable reservoirs forcing mining firms to look for untapped reserves. It is common knowledge that the use of fossil fuels has negative effects on many aspects of our lives, from health concerns including higher rates of asthma in areas with heavy pollution but also the potentially devastating effects of global warming. These are only a few of the ethical concerns facing an industry as controversial as the coal industry. Specifically coal industry creates many issues for the environments that contain coal mines. Coal mines generate large amounts of solid waste especially when considering that several coal mining companies engage in the practice of mountaintop removal. Mountaintop mining uses explosives to expose the coal seams and transform what would have been underground mining to a form of surface mining. This is a common method of mining in the Appalachian Mountains. Studies have shown that mountaintop mining has had very serious consequences for the environment. One of the biggest impacts of this form of mining is the contamination of local watersh eds. This is caused by placing the undesired materials created by exposing the coal seam in valleys or filler holes which inevitably ends up contaminating streams that eventually flow into the watershed. Exposure to these streams have been shown to lead to hospitalization for a verity of health concerns including; Rates of mortality, lung cancer, as well as chronic heart, lung and kidney disease are also increased.(M.A. Palmer et al. Mountaintop Mining Consequences, Science, 8 January 2010, Vol. 327, p. 148) Instead of investing in more untapped reserves our group would instead look towards more renewable resources to cover our energy needs. The energy produced in Virginia accounts for less than half the total energy consumed in the state leading to the obvious conclusion that the state relies on other sources to provide energy. Based on estimates by The U.S. Energy Information Administration Virginia Energy consumption was estimated to be 2,558 trillion Btu while the energy produced as fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about 28% of total consumption. In Virginia Coal-fired power plants remains the largest chunk of electrical power generation in the state with 45%.

Why an indigenous African psychology not develop? Essay

My recent learning experience was from one of my psychology modules. The prescribed book is Personology from individual to ecosystem, chapter 17 i.e. African perspective. The driving point of this chapter is â€Å"Why an indigenous African psychology not develop?† The chapter cited the importation of the mainstream psychology a predominately â€Å"Euro-American† science into Africa resulting in a lack of development of a purely African personology theory. Several recommendations are made in terms of how this can be changed or improved. Also covered in this chapter is the topic on â€Å"Views on psychopathology† Some of the sub-topics covered included: How do traditional Africans view illness and pathological behaviour? The role of ancestors in the lives of traditional Africans The difference between the African and western conceptions of stress Dreams, spirits and sorcerers The link between psychotherapy and traditional healing As an African it was not difficult to relate some of my experiences to what was explained in the terms of the African believes and practices. Recommendations were made to psychologist practicing in Africa on how to treat African patients in line with their beliefs. The aha-moment for me was when I acknowledged the African way of living which I myself and my immediate family do not practice. This brought me back to Freire’s â€Å"Culture of silence† from SCK 201-3 module guide. Freire defines the culture of silence as cultural invasion where invaders penetrate the cultural context of another group. Colonisation and militarisation dominance are said to be conducive to the development of the culture of silence. I found the insight into colonisation very interesting. Being a black African who stays in Africa I am personally not complaining that I refuse to believe in ancestors or traditional healers. I personally feel that colonisation did bring a lot of change to Africa; the question I asked myself is at what cost? Africa has natural resources, we have been â€Å"civilised† and educated but majority of  African countries are still dependant on European aid. Why? I enjoyed sharing and debating the â€Å"Views on psychopathology† and Freire’s theory with my work colleagues. We all conceded that even though we are liberated and gained â€Å"independence† we are still indirectly colonised. We also reached a consensus that corruption and lack of accountability are some of the reasons that are delaying progress in Africa. There are so many different perspectives to psychology that explain the different types of behaviour. No one perspective has explanatory powers over the rest. Some contradict one another, overlap with each other or build upon one another. Behaviourist perspective is different from most other approaches because people (and animals) are viewed as controlled by their environment and specifically that people are the result of what they have learned from their environment. Behaviourism is concerned with how environmental factors affect observable behaviour. The psychosexual perspective by Freud believes that events in people’s childhood can have a significant impact on behaviour as adults. Feud also believed that people have little free will to make choices in life and that human behaviour is determined by the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the study of the person as a whole (holistic approach). This perspective suggests that each perso n is responsible for their own happiness and well-being. It suggests that humans have innate capacity for self-actualization which is a unique desire to achieve one’s highest potential as a person. Because of this focus on the person and his or her personal experiences and subjective perception of the world, the humanists regarded scientific methods as inappropriate for studying behaviour. Cognitive psychology perspective focuses on the study of cognition which is ‘the mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired. It is an extremely scientific approach where lab experiments are used to study human behaviour. Biological psychologists explain behaviours in neurological terms, i.e. the physiology and structure of the brain and how this influences behaviour. Many biological psychologists have concentrated on abnormal behaviour and have tried to explain it. Critical psychology challenges mainstream psychology by looking towards social change as a means of preventing and treating psychopathology. One of critical  psychology’s main criticisms of conventional psychology is that it ignores the way power differences between social classes and groups can impact the mental and physical well-being of individuals or groups of people. It does this, in part, because it tends to explain behaviour at the level of the individual. I agree with the notion that conventional psychology’s choice of ignoring the impact the difference in social classes and groups has on mental health does not give a holistic view of human behaviour. It is known that poverty, illiteracy, alienation have some form of impact on one’s mental state. The different ways or choices that people make to better their lives and the fact that some people make it out of the deprivation cycle and some fail is a clear indication that these factors affect people differently. Doing more research in this regard should provide a clearer picture. Question 3 Personhood and becoming in African thought As stated in the prescribed text, in African thought and belief a person is not complete until certain rituals are performed to qualify them as complete. Starting from birth those that practice the African culture do the imbeleko to introduce the child to the ancestors. Those that choose to follow the Christian practice baptise the child and give thanks to God. As children grow into teenagers, boys are sent to the mountain as practiced as a transition to manhood by many cultural groups. For example, the Ndebele community that still practice this tradition do not have respect for a man that has not been circumcised. It is said that Ndebele man also prefer to marry their fellow Ndebele females who still practice female circumcision which is also used as a transition to womanhood. A woman from another culture who knows nothing about the Ndebele culture who marries a Ndebele man is often expected to undergo this process in order to be respected and be qualified to be a woman. These two A frican traditions are still widely practiced but there is a shift where some people decide to go the western route. In light of health concerns and young man dying because of botched circumcisions parents prefer to have their children circumcised in hospital. Vigilance regarding oppressive practices Male circumcision is encouraged especially in a country like South Africa where there are challenges with HIV and AIDS. It is public knowledge that the practice minimises the chance of contracting the disease. Questions are raised in relation to the process and procedures followed to see this through. It has been said that the boys undergo various tests and are given guidance and advice by elders to help prepare them for manhood. In light of this some parents send their kids to hospital for circumcision to avoid any medical complications and loss of life. They are then sent to the mountain to undergo the transition that will prepare them for manhood. In a community like the Ndebele’s, young men decide to undergo initiation as it is a root of their identity and to avoid the shame of being labelled a boy. Coming to the female circumcision, in South Africa especially in the Ndebele culture it is still clouded in secrecy. No one knows exactly what other rituals are performed durin g the initiation. I personally do not know the benefits of the practice. What I have read and seen on TV from other countries for example Kenya, the main reason behind this practice is purely for the enjoyment of the girls’ future husband. Young woman and girls are ruthlessly mutilated only because they are expected to sexually satisfy their husbands once they get married. Many African countries have criminalised the practice but it is still practiced because man shun woman that have not undergone the procedure or transition to â€Å"womanhood†. One practice that is close to home that I personally feel is discriminatory against woman just like female circumcision is the virginity testing (reed dance). It can be argued that it helps discourage girls from participating in sexual activities and that it helps reduce HIV infection. The fact that woman alone are expected to undergo such an invasive practice when it takes two people to engage in sex is tantamount to discrimination against woman. Initiation as a passage from exteriority to interiority I agree with the text that â€Å"initiation is a process by which people discover themselves through others and their community†. From having lived with the Ndebele community I support the notion that for many of the young man and woman that choose to undergo initiation they do it because it is the root of their identity. For example, anyone who has decided not to undergo  initiation is often not seen as a true Ndebele. The person is not only labelled and shunned by the community; it is also believed that his ancestors will not know him. Ubuntu as a process My understanding of Ubuntu is simply human kindness. â€Å"A person is a person through other people†. It is about recognising a fellow human being, treating them with respect and dignity for the person they are whether rich or poor. This saying is mostly associated with black communities because a human being is not seen as an individual but as a collective of family and the community. Ubuntu as a process serve as testimony when community members come together to assist a family when they have lost a love one. It is also evident when there is no shame in borrowing sugar from a neighbour. For example, to prove the concept that â€Å"a person is a person through other people†, families that choose not to attend funerals or assist other families when they are bereaved; no villager will bother to offer support or even attend a funeral should that family loose a love one. The human being as a community of selves I believe a human being is what they are because of where they come from. I’m referring to culture, beliefs of one’s parents and one’s community in general. When growing up all these beliefs are instilled in oneself. It is only when one is independent and out of the family unit when they can either decide to continue with what they were taught at home or decide on a new way to live their lives. For example: one’s parents may believe in ancestral worship and have their children who grew up experiencing the practice but decide on Christianity and deny of the existence of ancestors. Question 4 My community of is located in Ninapark suburb in Pretoria North. It is a middle class white dominant community. It is a clean, serene and quite community to live in. There is not much activity during week days especially during the day. There is mostly activity in the mornings when people go to work or take their children to school. The same activities occur in the evenings. Domestic workers and gardeners are also part of the community. The most enjoyable citing in the evenings is people taking walks or jogging. Domestic workers are also seen in the evenings in groups gambling. The  street where my family and I live is a small street and all our neighbours are retired. Many are family members who have been residing in the area for more than twenty years. There is a public park about a kilometre from the house which is where many use especially those with children. There is an orphanage, a church, a rehabilitation centre, a golf course, and a small shopping centre. All these are a w alking distance from home. The shopping centre is always busy in the evenings. There is a woollies food grocery shop which we all love, a spar grocery shop, a KFC, a pharmacy, a beauty shop, a travel centre, a pet shop and a handful of restaurants. I am mentioning all these shops because I feel that just as I love staying in Ninapark because the community has access to all these facilities or resources just a walking distance from our homes many community members share the same sentiment. We (the community) have found ourselves the target of crime just like many communities in South Africa. Because there is not much activity during the day thieves break in without being seen. Many in my small street are victims of crime including me. I have found that this invasion of our homes has brought the community together in trying to find ways to combat crime. This is one thing that we all have in common. Apart from that there isn’t much socialising. Every one minds their own business. One rarely sees kids playing in the street. The only time when one gets a chance to talk to neighbours is when by chance we meet outside our homes for a walk. Many of my neighbours do not even know my name. If anything happens for example a break i n all we do is to sympathise with the victim and it ends there. We are all locked behind our high walls and security gates. There is definitely no socialisation. Being a black African from a rural village, life in the city is completely different from where I was born. There is caring and compassion, for example when a family losses a love one. It is a norm for community members to go a share their grief and offer support. This is not only psychological but also in assisting the family to prepare for the funeral. Each household within the community contributes an amount agreed by the community and the money is given to the family. On the day of the funeral everyone from the community attends as a show of support. There is no culture of individuality but communalism. Life in the city is a stark contrast of communalism. I find it is more individually orientated. No one meddles in anyone’s business. Yes there is access to everything, basic  services, health facilities but no community based support. In terms of community justice, since it i s in our constitution by law we are all expected to acknowledge human rights. It is not only the responsibility of government but also of citizens and the government. Yes, there are cases where this is not the case. What I have observed in the city is that many people know their rights and if contravened they have options for recourse including using the law. This is not always the case with rural communities as many do not know what their human rights are. What I have also observed in the city are the rich exploiting the poor. As the saying goes the poor have no voice i.e. cheap labour. This is of course debatable. In –groups My nuclear family Extended family members My former university friends My husband’s friends and their wives Orphans Single parents People living with HIV and AIDS People with terminal illness People I go to church with The poor Elderly people Colleagues IT professionals People in the medical field Social volunteers beggars Out-group Gang members Paedophiles People that commit violent crimes People that commit any crime Traditional healers Invisible Paedophiles Gays Lesbians Transsexuals Bisexuals Atheists Gang members Having been born in a rural area with not much hope, where there was a lack of access to basic services, a lack of information and poverty; I personality feel content with my current situation and community. One only got to see and experience city life once or twice a year when coming to the city to buy Christmas clothes. It was the citing of such communities and life that gave one insight of how much more life had to offer outside one’s environment and circumstances. This was one motivating factor that led one to break the cycle of poverty. The community, the neighbourhood and the way of life led me to internalise self-determination and motivation. Having access to basic services, access to knowledge, access to primary health, education and sanitation left one with not much to worry about except to focus on improving one’s life, that of one’s children and those who are still trapped in the cycle of poverty back at home. Having come from a poor background and being in this community has also given me an insight on what it means to be poor, hence I relate and sympathise with those less fortunate. I give back and assist where possible. Even though the way of life in my neighbourhood has empowered me it has also taken away my African way of life. It is not community orientated but focuses more on individuality. That is why my family and I always look forward to a trip to the village and not feeling ashamed to borrow sugar or onion from a neighbour. Question 5 I would define racial identity as a background that one identifies with. Because of globalisation and movement to new communities people build lives in different communities and choose the identity they can relate to. Steve Biko was addressing the liberation of the oppressed mind of a black man.  His black consciousness movement was dealing with two forces. He first addressed the external oppression experienced by blacks through segregation laws. The second was self-alienation. In opposition to this he called for the blacks to identify with themselves hence reversing years of self-negativity. Post-colonial is the study of the effects of colonialism on culture and societies of the previously oppressed or colonised. It is concerned with how Europeans controlled third world cultures and how these groups responded and resisted their way to independence. It is about the relationship between the colonisers and the previously colonised. It is about the awareness of social, psychological and cultural inferiority enforced by being in a colonised state. It is the struggle for ethnic, cultural and political autonomy. Racial alienation can be defined as a loss of one’s root culture in the process of adopting the culture of the oppressor. Cultural dispossession is the adoption of the oppressor’s language with the aim of being accepted by the oppressor. Speaking one’s language is assuming a culture thereby giving up of one’s language. Racism has created the idea of inferiority of the black people resulting in black escaping to â€Å"whiteness â€Å"or â€Å"blackness†. Question 6 1. The most significant learning or insight you had while doing this module. The topic on African perspective on psychology versus the European perspective was the most significant insight. The link between the topic and colonisation left me thinking and with many unanswered questions. 2. The most significant experiences you had while doing this module I enjoyed the walk about in my community, the high walls, the security and generally how different races relate to each other. 3. What you most appreciate about this module I appreciated the interactive approach of the module. We are so busy with our lives and work that one doesn’t stop to look at personal relations, how we socialise with each other and the groups one does not relate to and the reasons why. 4. What you least appreciate about this module There nothing I least appreciated as everything I read I got a chance to disagree or agree as we are taught not to accept everything one is told. The fact that everything is debatable and that one is allowed to apply one’s mind is good enough for me.